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Home Genel

Mustafa Paşahan: “Structural support is essential if the apparel industry is to catch its breath”

by İsmail Çakır
17 June 2025
in Genel, Güncel, Manşet
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Mustafa Paşahan: “Structural support is essential if the apparel industry is to catch its breath”
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Türkiye’s apparel industry is at a critical crossroads. According to Mustafa Paşahan, the sector won’t be able to get back on its feet—or back in the game—unless policymakers move the needle on structural reforms. That means striking a real balance between rising costs and currency rates, expanding employment support across the board, and rolling out twin transformation projects that reach every corner of the SME ecosystem.

As part of our special feature for the June 2025 issue, we spoke with Mr. Mustafa Paşahan, Vice President of the Istanbul Apparel Exporters’ Association (İHKİB), about the sector’s ongoing crisis and its digital transformation journey. Highlighting the loss of competitiveness due to rising costs and exchange rate imbalances, Paşahan noted that thousands of manufacturers have been forced out of production. Nonetheless, he underlined that Türkiye is setting a benchmark in digital and green transformation through pioneering initiatives.

The sector is under pressure: factories are closing, exports shrinking, jobs vanishing

How do you evaluate the current challenges in Türkiye’s apparel industry? In your opinion, what steps must be taken to overcome this bottleneck, and what should be prioritized?

“Türkiye’s apparel and ready-wear industry has been a trailblazer across many domains. The foundations of industrialization in our country were laid through textiles and apparel. It was these two sectors that led the way in opening Türkiye to international markets through exports. For many years, we ranked first among the top exporting sectors. Today, we are the 7th largest supplier globally and the 3rd largest to the European Union in ready-to-wear exports. We account for 3.2% of global apparel exports.

The last two and a half years have been particularly tough for this strategically vital industry. There are two main reasons behind this strain. First, global demand has slowed down significantly, affecting all suppliers. But what sets Türkiye apart from other countries is something far more critical: we’ve become a high-cost production country. Let me share three data points. Since January 2022, the minimum wage has increased by 420%, inflation by 278%, while the exchange rate has risen only 167%. As a result, our production costs have become 50–60% higher than those of our competitors. This has eroded our competitiveness not only in apparel but in many other sectors as well. Our apparel exports, which totaled $21.2 billion in 2022, dropped to $17.9 billion in 2024. This downward trend continues in 2025—exports were down 6% in the first four months compared to the same period last year. Meanwhile, our imports rose from $2.6 billion in 2022 to $4 billion in 2024.

A decline in exports paired with a rise in imports translates into shuttered factories and lost jobs. Since 2022, 5,500 manufacturing firms have shut down. At least 3,000 companies are no longer in a position to export. By February 2025, employment in the sector had dropped from 738,000 at the end of 2022 to 560,000. To summarize: in two years, 13% of manufacturing firms have closed, the number of exporters has dropped by 13%, and we’ve lost 24% of our workforce.

Our apparel industry doesn’t deserve this outcome. We prepared proposals months ago to help get the sector back on its feet. We have shared these with the public and relevant authorities repeatedly. In summary, our key recommendations are as follows:

  • The gap between cost inputs and exchange rates must be narrowed and rebalanced.
    • All firms—without exception—should benefit from the Ministry of Industry and Technology’s Employment Protection Support Program.
    • The 5-point SSI premium discount currently applied to some sectors including apparel should be raised to 10 points for two years.
    • For labor-intensive sectors, loans with under 20% interest and a two-year grace period must be provided.

If the sector receives support on these four fronts, we can bounce back and recover our export volumes rapidly.”

A roadmap for twin transformation: EU-funded projects paving the way

Are we ready for the future? Do you think Türkiye’s textile sector is moving fast enough in AI, sustainability, and digital transformation? What role is İHKİB playing in this transformation process?

“As I mentioned earlier, apparel is one of the pioneering sectors in Türkiye’s industrial landscape. And now, in what’s known as twin transformation—digital and green—we’re again setting an example for others to follow. We are determined to complete this process quickly and turn it into a competitive advantage. İHKİB is among the most effective associations in leveraging European Union funding for transformation. So far, we’ve secured €37 million in grants from the EU.

We successfully completed our METAMORPHOSIS project under the IPA-2 framework, with its closing ceremony held in February. One of its core elements—the Digital Transformation Center—is now operational and serving the industry. In May, we launched our new EU-funded MIDAS Project, which will provide SME-scale manufacturers with the infrastructure needed for twin transformation. We also plan to roll out our ‘Carbon Footprint Monitoring and Reduction’ project this year, again with EU funding.

Through all these efforts, we’re proactively shaping the future of our fashion industry today—because we firmly believe it will continue to hold strategic importance for the national economy for years to come.”

 

***

 

Mustafa Paşahan: “Hazır giyim sektörü nefes almak istiyorsa yapısal destek şart”

Paşahan, sektörün tekrar ayağa kalkması için maliyet-kur dengesinin sağlanması, istihdam desteklerinin yaygınlaştırılması ve ikiz dönüşüm projelerinin tüm KOBİ’lere yayılması gerektiğini belirtiyor.

Haziran 2025 sayımız için hazırladığımız özel dosya kapsamında, hazır giyim sektörünün içinden geçtiği zorlu süreci ve dijital dönüşüm yolculuğunu İstanbul Hazır Giyim ve Konfeksiyon İhracatçıları Birliği (İHKİB) Başkan Yardımcısı Sayın Mustafa Paşahan ile konuştuk. Paşahan, maliyet baskısı ve kur dengesizliği nedeniyle sektörün rekabetçiliğini kaybettiğini, binlerce firmanın üretim dışı kaldığını belirtti. Ancak buna rağmen dijital ve yeşil dönüşüm alanında Türkiye’nin örnek alınacak projelere imza attığını da vurguladı.

Sektör alarm veriyor: Üretici kapanıyor, ihracat düşüyor, istihdam eriyor

Türk hazır giyim sektörünün içinden geçtiği zorlu süreci nasıl değerlendiriyorsunuz? Sizce sektörün bu çıkmazdan çıkışı için ne tür adımlar atılmalı, hangi çözüm yolları öncelikli olmalı?

“Hazır giyim ve konfeksiyon, Türkiye’de birçok alanda ilkleri gerçekleştirdi. Ülkemizde sanayileşmenin temelleri hazır giyim ve tekstille atıldı. İhracatla dışa açılmaya yine bu iki sektör öncülük etti. En çok ihracat yapan sektörler arasında yıllarca ilk sırada yer aldık. Bugün hazır giyimde dünyanın yedinci, Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) üçüncü büyük tedarikçisiyiz. Küresel hazır giyim ihracatının yüzde 3,2’sini gerçekleştiriyoruz.

Ülke ekonomisi için stratejik önemi bulunan sektörde son 2,5 yıl zor geçti.  Zorlanmamız temel olarak iki nedenden kaynaklanıyor. Birincisi küresel talep yavaş seyrediyor. Talebin yavaş seyri bütün tedarikçileri olumsuz etkiliyor. Ama bizi diğer tedarikçi ülkelerden ayıran çok daha önemli bir neden var. Türkiye, üretimde pahalı bir ülke haline geldi. Burada üç veriyi paylaşmak istiyorum. Ocak 2022’den bu yana, asgari ücret yüzde 420, enflasyon yüzde 278 artarken kurdaki artış yüzde 167’de kaldı. İşte bu tablo bizi üretim maliyetlerinde rakiplerimize göre yüzde 50-60 daha pahalı hale getirdi. Dolayısıyla hazır giyim başta olmak üzere birçok sektörde rekabetçiliğimiz zayıfladı. 2022’de 21,2 milyar dolar olan hazır giyim ihracatımız, 2024’te 17,9 milyar dolara geriledi. İhracatımızdaki daralma bu yıl da devam ediyor. İlk dört ayı geçen yıla göre yüzde 6 ekside tamamladık. 2022’de 2,6 milyar dolar olan ithalatımız 2024’te 4 milyar dolara yükseldi.

İhracat daralırken ithalatın artması kapanan fabrika, kaybedilen istihdam anlamına geliyor. 2022’den bu yana 5 bin 500 imalatçı firmamız kapandı. En az 3 bin firmamız ihracat yapamayacak noktaya geldi. 2022 sonunda 738 bin olan istihdamımız, Şubat 2025 itibarıyla 560 bine geriledi. Özetlemek gerekirse iki yılda; imalatçı firmalarımızın yüzde 13’ü kapandı. İhracatçı firmalarımızın sayısı yüzde 13 azaldı. İstihdamımızın yüzde 24 ünü kaybettik.

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